Buddhist Logic. Vol. I

Abstract

Abbreviations ; Preface ; Introduction ; § 1. Buddhist Logic what ; § 2. The place of Logic in the history of Buddhism ; § 3. First period of Buddhist philosophy ; § 4. Second ; § 5. Third ; § 6. The place of Buddhist Logic in the history of Indian philosophy ; 1) The M aterialists ; 2) Jain ism ; 3) The Sftnkhya System ; 4) The Yoga System ; 5) The Vedanta ; 6) The Mïmâmsa ; 7) The NySya-Vaise?ika System ; § 7. Buddhist Logic before Dignaga ; § 8. The life of Dignaga ; § 9. The » » Dharmakirti ; § 10. The works of Dharmakirti ; § 11. The order of the chapters in Pramana-ynitika ; § 12. The philological school of commentators ; § 13. The Cashmere or philosophic school of commentators ; § 14. The third or religious school of commentators ; § 15. Post-Buddhist Logic and the struggle between Realism and Nominalism in India ; § 16. Buddhist Logic in China and Japan ; § 17. » » » Tibet and Mongolia ; Part I.— Reality and Knowledge (prämänya -väda) ; § 1. Scope and aim of Buddhist Logic ; § 2. A source of knowledge what ; § 3. Cognition and Recognition ; § 4. The test of truth ; § 5. Realistic and Buddhistic view of experience ; § 6. Two realities ; § 7. The double character of a source of knowledge ; § 8. The limits of cognition. Dogmatism and Criticism ; Part II — The Sensible World ; Chapter I. — The theory of Instantaneous Being (ksaçika-vâda) ; § 1. The problem stated ; § 2. Reality is kinetic ; § 3. Argument from ideality of Time and Space ; § 4. Duration and extention are not real ; § 5. Argument from direct perception ; § 6. Recognition does not prove duration ; § 7. Argument from an analysis of the notion of existence ; § 8. Argument from an analysis of the notion of non-existence ; § 9. Santiraksita’s formula ; § 10. Change and annihilation ; § 11. Motion is discontinuous ; § 12. Annihilation certain a priori ; § 18. Momentariness deduced from the lav of Contradiction ; § 14. Is the point-instant a reality? The Differential Calculns ; § 15. History of the doctrine of Momentariness ; § 16. Some European P arallels ; Chapter II. — Causation (pratltya-samutpSda); § 1. Causation as functional dependence ; § 2 The formulas of causation ; § 8. Causation and Reality identical ; § 4. Two kinds of Causality ; § 5. Plurality of causes ; § 6. Infinity of causes ; § 7. Causality and Free Will 121 § 8. The four meanings of Dependent Origination ; § 9. Some European Parallels ; Chapter III. — Sense-perception (pratyakçam); § 1. The definition of sense-perception ; § 2. The experiment of Dharmaklrti ; § 3. Perception and illusion ; § 4. The varieties of intuition ; a) Mental sensation (mânasa-praktyakça) ; b) The intelligible intuition of the Saint (yogi-pratyakga) ; c) Introspection (svasaipvedana) ; § 5. History of the Indian vies on sense-perception ; § 6. Some European Parallels ; Chapter IV. — Ultimate reality (paramartha-sat); § 1. What is ultimately real ; § 2. The Particular is the ultimate reality ; § 3. Reality is unutterable ; § 4. Reality produces a vivid image ; § 5. Ultimate Reality is dynamic ; § 6. The Monad and the A tom ; §7. Reality is Affirmation ; §8. Objections ; §9. The evolution of the views on Reality ; § 10. Some European Parallels ; Part III.— The constructed world ; Chapter I — Judgment ; § 1. Transition from pure sensation to conception ; § 2. The first steps of the Understanding ; § 3. A judgment what ; § 4. Judgment and the synthesis in concepts ; § 5. Judgment and namegiving ; § 6. Categories ; § 7. Judgment viewed as analysis ; § 8. Judgment as objectively valid ; § 9. History of the theory of jud gment ; § 10. Some European Parallels ; Chapter II. — Inference; § 1. Judgment and Inference ; § 2. The three terms ; § 3. The various definitions of inference ; § 4. Inferring and Inference ; § 5. How far Inference is true knowledge ; § 6. The three Aspects of the Reason ; § 7. Dhamakirti’s tract on relations ; § 8. Two lines of dependence ; § 9. Analytic and Synthetic judgments ; § 10. The final table of Categories ; § 11. Are the items of the table mutually exclusive ; § 12. Is the Buddhist table of relations exhaustive ; § 13. Universal and Necessary Judgments ; § 14. The limits of the use of pure Understanding ; § 15. Historical sketch of the views of Inference ; § 16. Some European Parallels ; Chapter III. — Syllogism (pararthanumanam) ; §1. Definition ; § 2. The members of syllogism ; § 3. Syllogism and Induction ; § 4. The figures of Syllogism ; § 5. The value of Syllogism ; § 6. Historical sketch of Syllogism viewed as inference for others ; § 7. European and Buddhist Syllogism ; a) Definition by Aristotle and by the Buddhists ; b) Aristotle’s Syllogism from Example ; c) Inference and Induction ; d) The Buddhist syllogism contains two propositions ; e) Contraposition ; f) Figures ; g) The Causal and Hypothetical Syllogism ; h) Summary ; Chapter IV. — Logical Fallacies; § 1. Classification ; §2. Fallacy against Reality (asiddha-hetv-âbhâsa) ; §3. Fallacy of a Contrary Reason ; §4. Fallacy of an Uncertain Reason ; §5. The Antinomical Fallacy ; § 6. Dharmakirti’s additions ; § 7. History ; a) Manuals of Dialectics ; b) The refutatiye syllogism of the Madhyamikas ; c) The Vaisegika system influenced by the Buddhists ; d) The NySya system influenced by Dignäga ; § 8. European P arallels ; Part IV. — Negation ; Chapter I. — The negative judgment; § 1. The essence of Negation ; § 2. Negation is an Inference ; § 3. The figures of the Negative Syllogism. The figure of Simple Negation ; § 4. The ten remaining figures ; § 5. Importance of Negation ; § 6. Contradiction and Causality only in the. Empirical Sphere ; § 7. Negation of snpersensuous objects ; § 8. Indian developments ; §9. European Parallels; a) Sigwart’s theory ; b) Denied copula and Negative Predicate ; c) Judgment and Re-judgment ; Chapter II. — The Law of Contradiction; § 1. The origin of Contradiction ; § 2. Logical Contradiction ; § 3. Dynamical opposition ; § 4. Law of Otherness ; § 5. Different formulations of the Laws of Contradiction and Otherness ; § 6. Other Indian schools on Contradiction ; § 7. Some European Parallels ; a) The Law of Excluded Middle ; b) The Law of Double Negation ; c) The Law of Id e n tity ; d) Two European L ogics ; e) Heracleitus ; f) Causation and Identity in the fragments of Heracleitus ; g) The Eleatic Law of Contradiction ; h) Plato ; i) Kant and Sigwart ; j) The Aristotelian formula of Contradiction and Dharmakirti’s theory of Relations; Chapter III. — Universale; § 1. The static Universality of Things replaced by similarity of action ; § 2. History of the problem of Universale ; § 3. Some European Parallels ; Chapter IV. — Dialectic; § 1. Digniiga’s Theory of Names ; § 2. Jinendrabuddbi on the Theory of the Negative Meaning of Names ; a) All names are negative ; b) The origin of Universale ; c) Controversy with the Realist ; d) The experience of individuals becomes the agreed experience of the Human Mind ; e) Conclusion ; § 3. Santiraksita and Kamalaslla on the negative meaning of words ; § 4. Historical sketch of the devolopment of the Buddhist Dialectical Method ; § 5. European Parallels; a) Kant and Hegel ; b) J. S. Mill and A. Bain ; c) Sigwart ; d) Affirmation what ; e) Ulrici and Lotze ; Part V.— Reality of the External World ; § 1. What is Real ; § 2. What is External ; § 3. The three worlds ; § 4. Critical Realism ; § 5. Ultimate Monism ; § 6. Idealism ; § 7. Digniiga’s tract on the Unreality of the External World ; § 8. Dharmakirti’s tract on the Repudiation of Solipsism ; § 9. History of the problem of tbe Reality of the External World ; § 10. Some European Parallels ; § 11. Indo-European Symposion on the Reality of tbe External World ; Conclusion ; Indices ; Appendix ; Addenda ;